Fundamental Specifications for Steel Construction/Tension

Tensile Yielding

The limit state yielding on the gross cross section shall be considered to prevent uncontrolled elongation.

• $P_n=F_y{A}_g$

Tensile Rupture

The limit state rupture on the net effective cross section shall be considered. Local yielding around net sections is allowed provided the resulting member elongations are not detrimental to the structure.

• $P_n=F_u{A}_e$

Definitions

• $F_y$ = specified minimum yield stress (ksi, MPa)
• $F_u$ = specified minimum tensile strength (ksi, MPa)
• $A_g$ = gross area of cross section (in², mm²)
• $A_e$ = effective net area of cross section, as reduced for holes and shear lag effects at connections (in², mm²)